CHAPTER 2: THE INTERNET
CHAPTER 2: THE INTERNET
THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNET
The internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions business ,government agencies, educational institutions and individuals.
The internet originated from as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:
In 1969 the ARPANET become functional.In 1984,ARPANET has more than
1,000 individuals computer linked as hosts and today,Millions of hosts connected to the internet.
Connecting to the Internet
With wired connections, a computer or device physically attaches via a cable or wire to a communication device. A computer without communication device can use wireless modem.
Various broadband Internet Connections.
Digital subscriber line (DSL)
Fiber to the premises (FTTP)
Wireless: Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
Mobile Broadband
Fixed wireless
Satelite Internet Service
Cybercafe
A cybercafe is a location that provides computer with internet access,usually for free.
Hot spot
Hot spot is a wireless network that provides Internet connections to mobile computers and devices.
Internet Service Provider
An Internet Service provider (ISP) is a business that provides individuals and organization access to the internet free or for free.
Example: Unifi, TM, Celcom.
Bandwith
Bandwith represent the amount of data that travels over a network.
example:- Megabyte(MB) and Gigabyte(GB).
How a home user's request for a webpage Might travel the internet Using cable Internet service.
Step 1
you send a request to the internet.For example,you enter the web address in the address bar of your web browser to visit the web.
Step 2
A cable modem transfer the computer's digital signals to the cable television line in your house.
Step 3
Your request travel through cable television line to a central cable system, whicj is shared up to 500 homes in neighborhood.
Step 4
The central cable system sends your request over high speed fiber optic line to the cable operator, who often also in ISP.
Step 5
The ISP routes your request through the internet backbone to the destination server.
Step 6
The Server retrieves the requested webpage and sends back through the internet backbone and to your computer.
The purpose of an IP address and it's relationship to a domain name.
IP Address:- An IP address is a sequence of unique number that identifies each computer or devices connect to the computer.
Domain name:- A domain name is a text based name that corresponds to the IP address.
A DNS server:-A DNS server translate the domain name into its associated IP address.
TLDS :- Top-level domain ( TLD ) refers to the last segment of a domain name, or the part that follows immediately after the "dot" symbol. TLDs are mainly classified into two categories: generic TLDS and country-specific TLDs.
Web Publishing: Wen Publishing is the development and maintenance of websites
Plan the websites > design the websites > create the websites > hosts the websites > maintain the websites
Media on web:
Media refers to application that combine graphic, animation, audio, video or virtual reality.
Graphics: a digital representation with non-text information.
Formats: bmp, gif, jpeg, png and tiff.
Info graphic: is a visual presentation of data and information, design to communicate quickly, simplify complex concepts or present patterns and trends.
Animation: is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence.
THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNET
The internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions business ,government agencies, educational institutions and individuals.
The internet originated from as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:
- Allows scientist from different physical locations to share information and work together efficiently.
- To function even when the part of network were disable or destroy by a disaster.
In 1969 the ARPANET become functional.In 1984,ARPANET has more than
1,000 individuals computer linked as hosts and today,Millions of hosts connected to the internet.
Connecting to the Internet
With wired connections, a computer or device physically attaches via a cable or wire to a communication device. A computer without communication device can use wireless modem.
Various broadband Internet Connections.
Types of wire
Wired: Cable internet serviceDigital subscriber line (DSL)
Fiber to the premises (FTTP)
Wireless: Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
Mobile Broadband
Fixed wireless
Satelite Internet Service
Cybercafe
A cybercafe is a location that provides computer with internet access,usually for free.
Hot spot
Hot spot is a wireless network that provides Internet connections to mobile computers and devices.
Internet Service Provider
An Internet Service provider (ISP) is a business that provides individuals and organization access to the internet free or for free.
Example: Unifi, TM, Celcom.
Bandwith
Bandwith represent the amount of data that travels over a network.
example:- Megabyte(MB) and Gigabyte(GB).
How a home user's request for a webpage Might travel the internet Using cable Internet service.
Step 1
you send a request to the internet.For example,you enter the web address in the address bar of your web browser to visit the web.
Step 2
A cable modem transfer the computer's digital signals to the cable television line in your house.
Step 3
Your request travel through cable television line to a central cable system, whicj is shared up to 500 homes in neighborhood.
Step 4
The central cable system sends your request over high speed fiber optic line to the cable operator, who often also in ISP.
Step 5
The ISP routes your request through the internet backbone to the destination server.
Step 6
The Server retrieves the requested webpage and sends back through the internet backbone and to your computer.
The purpose of an IP address and it's relationship to a domain name.
IP Address:- An IP address is a sequence of unique number that identifies each computer or devices connect to the computer.
Domain name:- A domain name is a text based name that corresponds to the IP address.
A DNS server:-A DNS server translate the domain name into its associated IP address.
TLDS :- Top-level domain ( TLD ) refers to the last segment of a domain name, or the part that follows immediately after the "dot" symbol. TLDs are mainly classified into two categories: generic TLDS and country-specific TLDs.
How browser displays a requested webpage
The world wide web
The World Wide Web ( WWW) or web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (webpages).
A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items.
A web server is a computer that deliver requested webpages to your computer.
Browser:- is an application that enables users with an internet connection to access and view webpages on a computer or mobile devices.
Homepage:- is the first page that websites display.
Desktop browser:-desktop browser typically support tabbed browsing.
A Webpage:-A webpage has a unique address called a web address or URL.
A Web App:-is an application stored on a web server that you access through a browser (web mail,online auction).
Web App hosts usually provides storage for users's data and information on their servers, known as cloud storage.
Search engine:- search engine is a software that finds websites, webpage, images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specific.
A subject directory classifies webpages in an organized set of categories such as sport and shopping and related sub-categorizes.
Types of websites:-
Online social network
Informational
Educational
Media sharing and bookmarking sites
Business ,governmental and organizational
News,weather,sport or other mass media
Web Publishing: Wen Publishing is the development and maintenance of websites
Plan the websites > design the websites > create the websites > hosts the websites > maintain the websites
Media on web:
Media refers to application that combine graphic, animation, audio, video or virtual reality.
Graphics: a digital representation with non-text information.
Formats: bmp, gif, jpeg, png and tiff.
Info graphic: is a visual presentation of data and information, design to communicate quickly, simplify complex concepts or present patterns and trends.
Animation: is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence.
 |
| How animation was made |
Audio: includes music, speech, or any other sound and also compressed to reduce file size.
Video consists of images displayed in motion
Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to
simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional
space.
A plug-in: is a
program that extends the capability of a Web browser.
Other Internet Services
Email is the transmission of a messages and files via
a computer network
An email program allows you to create, send,
receive, forward, store, print, and delete email messages.
 |
| Example of email program |
An email list is a group of email addresses used for
mass distribution of a message.
Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet
communications service.
 |
| example of IM |
A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes
place on a computer or mobile device
A chat room is a website or application that permits
users to chat with others who are online at the same time
 |
| Chat room |
A discussion forum is an online area in which users
have written discussions about a particular subject
 |
| Discussion forum |
VoIP(Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other
users over the Internet (viber, whatapp, skype)
Netiquette
Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behaviour.
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